THE VALERON CONSTITUTION

Preamble

We the People of the Kingdom of Valeron, to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, ensure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Kingdom of Valeron.

Article I - Form of Government

The Kingdom of Valeron shall be recognized as a Constitutional Monarchy, wherein the Monarch serves as ceremonial Head of State and protector of the Constitution.

Article II - Folkreich Concilium

Section 1: Folkreich Concilium

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Folkreich Concilium of the Kingdom of Valeron, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Parliament.

Section 2: The House of Parliament

The House of Parliament shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained the Age of twenty-five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the Kingdom of Valeron, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Folkreich Concilium of the Kingdom of Valeron, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Parliament shall choose its Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

Section 3: The Senate

The Senate of the Kingdom of Valeron shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the Kingdom of Valeron, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President Pro Tempore, in the Absence of the Vice Chancellor, or when he shall exercise the Office of Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside, and no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two-thirds of the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust, or Profit under the Kingdom of Valeron: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment, and Punishment, according to Law.

Section 4: Elections

The Times, Places, and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Folkreich Concilium may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of choosing Senators.

The Folkreich Concilium shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.

Section 5: Powers and Duties of the Folkreich Concilium

Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of the Folkreich Concilium, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section 6: Rights and Disabilities of Members

The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the Kingdom of Valeron. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony, and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the Kingdom of Valeron, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the Kingdom of Valeron, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.

Section 7: Legislative Process

All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Parliament; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Parliament and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both HoeHouses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the Chancellor within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Parliament may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Parliament, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Pursuant to Amendment 28, Section 4, and the subsequent ratification of the new Article detailing the responsibilities, rules, regulations, & limitations of the Monarchy, the legislative process for enactment of laws shall proceed as follows:

1. All bills that have passed both chambers shall be presented to the Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron for approval or veto.

2. Upon Chancellorial approval, bills shall be presented to the Monarch for ceremonial royal assent, who may either formally assent or express symbolic reservation.

3. If the Monarch withholds ceremonial assent, the bill shall be returned to the originating chamber for reconsideration.

4. If passed again by a simple majority in the originating chamber, it shall be forwarded to the second chamber for vote.

5. Upon approval by both chambers, the bill is sent once more to the Chancellor, who may either sign it into law or veto it.

6. If vetoed, the bill returns to the Folkreich Concilium and may become law if passed by two-thirds majority in both chambers, as prescribed in the override procedure.

7. If no veto is issued by the Chancellor within the prescribed time, the bill becomes law, bypassing the need for further royal assent.

Section 8: Powers of The Folkreich Concilium

• The Folkreich Concilium shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the Kingdom of Valeron; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the Kingdom of Valeron;

• To borrow Money on the credit of the Kingdom of Valeron;

• To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

• To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the Kingdom of Valeron;

• To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

• To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the Kingdom of Valeron;

• To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

• To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

• To constitute Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

• To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

• To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

• To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

• To provide and maintain a Navy;

• To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

• To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections, and repel Invasions;

• To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the Kingdom of Valeron, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by the Folkreich Concilium;

• To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of the Folkreich Concilium, become the Seat of the Government of the Kingdom of Valeron, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards and other needful Buildings;-And

• To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the Kingdom of Valeron, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section 9: Powers Denied Folkreich Concilium

• The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

• The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

• No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

• No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

• No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

• No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

• No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

• No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the Kingdom of Valeron; And No Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Folkreich Concilium, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

Section 10: Powers Denied to the States

• No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

• No State shall, without the Consent of the Folkreich Concilium, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the Kingdom of Valeron; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Folkreich Concilium.

• No State shall, without the Consent of the Folkreich Concilium, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

Article III - Executive

Section 1

The executive Power shall be vested in a Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron.

He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice Chancellor, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Folkreich Concilium: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the Kingdom of Valeron, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the Kingdom of Valeron, directed to the Chancellor of the Senate. The Chancellor of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Parliament, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the Chancellor, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Parliament shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for Chancellor; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the Chancellor. But in chusing the Chancellor, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two-thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the Chancellor, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice Chancellor. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice Chancellor.

The Folkreich Concilium may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the Kingdom of Valeron.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the Kingdom of Valeron, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of Chancellor; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the Kingdom of Valeron.

In Case of the Removal of the Chancellor from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice Chancellor, and the Folkreich Concilium may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the Chancellor and Vice Chancellor, declaring what Officer shall then act as Chancellor, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a Chancellor shall be elected.

The Chancellor shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the Kingdom of Valeron, or any of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Kingdom of Valeron."

Section 2

The Chancellor shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the Kingdom of Valeron, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the Kingdom of Valeron; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the Kingdom of Valeron, except in Cases of Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the Kingdom of Valeron, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Folkreich Concilium may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the Chancellor alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

The Chancellor shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Section 3

He shall from time to time give to the Folkreich Concilium Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the Kingdom of Valeron.

Section 4

The Chancellor, Vice Chancellor and all civil Officers of the Kingdom of Valeron, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Article IV - Judicial

Section 1

The judicial Power of the Kingdom of Valeron, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Folkreich Concilium may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section 2

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the Kingdom of Valeron, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the Kingdom of Valeron shall be a Party;--to Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens of different States;--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Folkreich Concilium shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment; shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Folkreich Concilium may by Law have directed.

Section 3

Treason against the Kingdom of Valeron and the states within her borders, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

The Folkreich Concilium shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Section 4

Recognizing the solemn duty of the Kingdom of Valeron to uphold justice within its realm and in defense of human dignity, and acknowledging that certain crimes transcend borders and demand the highest scrutiny, this section vests the Supreme Court with authority over the most egregious violations of international law.

The Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Valeron shall possess original and final jurisdiction over all crimes defined under international law as heinous in nature, including but not limited to genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

The Court shall exercise this jurisdiction where such crimes are alleged to be committed:

• By any person or entity within the Kingdom;
  
  

• By any citizen or national of the Kingdom abroad;
  
  

• Against any person under the Kingdom’s protection or jurisdiction;
  
  

• Or in any instance where the crime is of such magnitude as to warrant international concern and judicial intervention.

The Folkreich Concilium shall have the power to define, by appropriate legislation, the scope, procedures, and prosecutorial framework governing the exercise of this jurisdiction, consistent with international law and the principles of justice.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of local or state courts to prosecute ordinary crimes such as murder or rape, except where such acts form part of a widespread or systematic campaign rising to the level of a crime against humanity or genocide.

The Folkreich Concilium may by statute create or recognize international, hybrid, or special tribunals for the prosecution of heinous crimes and may establish standards for cooperation with foreign jurisdictions and international bodies of justice.

Article V - The Monarchy

Section 1. – Form of Government

The Kingdom of Valeron shall be recognized as a Constitutional Monarchy, wherein the Monarch serves as ceremonial Head of State and protector of the Constitution.

Section 2. – Succession

Succession to the Throne shall follow the rules of absolute primogeniture, unless otherwise amended by law. No person shall ascend to the Throne who has not attained the age of twenty-one years and who is not a citizen of Valeron by birth.

Section 3. – Powers of the Monarch

The powers of the Monarch shall be limited to those expressly granted by this Constitution or by Act of the Folkreich Concilium. These include:

• Receiving acts of legislation for ceremonial royal assent following approval by the Chancellor. The Monarch may either formally assent with a traditional affirmation or withhold ceremonial assent by expressing symbolic reservation.

  • In the event that the Monarch withholds ceremonial assent, the act shall be returned to the originating chamber of the Folkreich Concilium for reconsideration.

  • If the originating chamber passes the act again by a simple majority, it shall be forwarded to the second chamber, which shall also vote. If passed by both chambers, the act shall be sent once more to the Chancellor.

  • The Chancellor may then either sign the act into law or veto it. If vetoed, the act shall return to the Folkreich Concilium and may become law if passed again by a two-thirds majority of both chambers, as prescribed in standard legislative override procedure.

  • If no Chancellorial veto is issued, the act shall be signed into law without the need for further royal assent.

• Appointing ministers as recommended by the Chancellor;

• Serving as ceremonial Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces as a figurehead of the state and in a way not to interfere with, or detract from, the civic duties of the Chancellor;

• Issuing honors and titles of nobility as approved by the Crown Council.

Section 4. – Limitation of Authority

The Monarch shall not interfere with the legislative, judicial, or executive processes of government except as provided herein. The government shall remain subject to the will of the people as expressed through democratic institutions.

Section 5. – Royal Privy Council

A Royal Privy Council shall be established to advise the Monarch in all matters of state. The Council shall include the Chancellor, key ministers, and other advisors as appointed by the Folkreich Concilium.

Section 6. – Regency in Absence of a Succession Law

In the event of the monarch’s incapacitation, abdication, or vacancy of the Throne, a Regency Council shall be formed to provisionally exercise the constitutional functions of the Crown. The structure, powers, and procedures of the Regency Council shall be governed by a future Royal Succession Act to be enacted by the Folkreich Concilium. Until such an Act is in force, the Regency Council shall operate under interim rules established by a joint resolution of the Folkreich Concilium.

Article VI - States and Federalism

Section 1

Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Folkreich Concilium may, by general Laws, prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records, and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section 2

The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.

Section 3

New States may be admitted by the Folkreich Concilium into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Folkreich Concilium.

The Folkreich Concilium shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the Kingdom of Valeron; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the Kingdom of Valeron, or of any particular State.

Section 4

The Kingdom of Valeron shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Article VII - Amending or Rewriting this Constitution

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Pursuant of Amendment 29, Sections 1-3 of this Constitution, the procedure for amending or rewriting this Constitution are as follows:

Section 1. – Proposal of Amendments

Amendments to this Constitution may be proposed by:

(a) A two-thirds majority vote in both chambers of the Folkreich Concilium; or

(b) A national convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures.

Section 2. – Ratification of Amendments

A proposed amendment shall become valid as part of this Constitution when ratified by either:

(a) A two-thirds vote of the full the Folkreich Concilium of Valeron; or

(b) Conventions held in three-fourths of the states, as the Folkreich Concilium may prescribe by law.

Section 3. – Constitutional Rewrite Procedure

A full rewrite of this Constitution may occur only through a Constitutional Convention. Such a convention may be convened only upon initiation by the Senate, by a two-thirds majority vote, and with the subsequent concurrence of the House of Parliament by a simple majority vote. Any resulting constitutional draft must be ratified by public referendum in at least three-fourths of the states.

Article VIII - Federal Supremacy & Oaths of Affirmation

This Constitution, and the Laws of the Kingdom of Valeron which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the Kingdom of Valeron, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the Kingdom of Valeron and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the Kingdom of Valeron.

Article VIX

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

First Amendment

The Folkreich Concilium shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Second Amendment

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Third Amendment

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Fourth Amendment

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Fifth Amendment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Sixth Amendment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Seventh Amendment

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the Kingdom of Valeron, than according to the rules of the common law.

Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Ninth Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the Kingdom of Valeron by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

11th Amendment

The Judicial power of the Kingdom of Valeron shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the Kingdom of Valeron by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

12th Amendment

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as Chancellor, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-Chancellor, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as Chancellor, and of all persons voted for as Vice-Chancellor, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the Kingdom of Valeron, directed to the Chancellor of the Senate; -- the Chancellor of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Parliament, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; -- The person having the greatest number of votes for Chancellor, shall be the Chancellor, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as Chancellor, the House of Parliament shall choose immediately, by ballot, the Chancellor. But in choosing the Chancellor, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Parliament shall not choose a Chancellor whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-Chancellor shall act as Chancellor, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the Chancellor.-- The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-Chancellor, shall be the Vice-Chancellor, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-Chancellor; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of Chancellor shall be eligible to that of Vice-Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron.

13th Amendment

Section 1

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the Kingdom of Valeron, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

14th Amendment

Section 1

All persons born or naturalized in the Kingdom of Valeron, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor of the Kingdom of Valeron, Representatives in The Folkreich Concilium, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in The Folkreich Concilium, or elector of Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor, or hold any office, civil or military, under the Kingdom of Valeron, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of The Folkreich Concilium, or as an officer of the Kingdom of Valeron, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the Kingdom of Valeron, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But the Folkreich Concilium may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4

The validity of the public debt of the Kingdom of Valeron, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the Kingdom of Valeron nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the Kingdom of Valeron, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

15th Amendment

Section 1

The right of citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Kingdom of Valeron or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

16th Amendment

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

17th Amendment

The Senate of the Kingdom of Valeron shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

18th Amendment

Section 1

After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the Kingdom of Valeron and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

Section 2

The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section 3

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

19th Amendment

The right of citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Kingdom of Valeron or by any State on account of sex.

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

20th Amendment

Section 1

The terms of the Chancellor and the Vice Chancellor shall end at noon on the 1st day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

Section 2

The Folkreich Concilium shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3rd day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3

If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the Chancellor, the Chancellor elect shall have died, the Vice Chancellor elect shall become Chancellor. If a Chancellor shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the Chancellor elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice Chancellor elect shall act as Chancellor until a Chancellor shall have qualified; and the Folkreich Concilium may by law provide for the case wherein neither a Chancellor elect nor a Vice Chancellor elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as Chancellor, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a Chancellor or Vice Chancellor shall have qualified.

Section 4

The Folkreich Concilium may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Parliament may choose a Chancellor whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice Chancellor whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 5

Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

Section 6

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

21st Amendment

Section 1

The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Valeron is hereby repealed.

Section 2

The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the Kingdom of Valeron for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section 3

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Folkreich Concilium.

22nd Amendment

Section 1

No person shall be elected to the office of the Chancellor more than twice, and no person who has held the office of Chancellor, or acted as Chancellor, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected Chancellor shall be elected to the office of the Chancellor more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of Chancellor when this Article was proposed by the Folkreich Concilium, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of Chancellor, or acting as Chancellor, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of Chancellor or acting as Chancellor during the remainder of such term.

Section 2

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Folkreich Concilium.

23rd Amendment

Section 1

The District constituting the seat of Government of the Kingdom of Valeron shall appoint in such manner as the Folkreich Concilium may direct:

A number of electors of Chancellor and Vice Chancellor equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in the Folkreich Concilium to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of Chancellor and Vice Chancellor, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

24th Amendment

Section 1

The right of citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron to vote in any primary or other election for Chancellor or Vice Chancellor, for electors for Chancellor or Vice Chancellor, or for Senator or Representative in Folkreich Concilium, shall not be denied or abridged by the Kingdom of Valeron or any State by reason of failure to pay poll tax or other tax.

Section 2

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

25th Amendment

Section 1

In case of the removal of the Chancellor from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice Chancellor shall become Chancellor.

Section 2

Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice Chancellor, the Chancellor shall nominate a Vice Chancellor who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of the Folkreich Concilium.

Section 3

Whenever the Chancellor transmits to the Chancellor pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Parliament his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice Chancellor as Acting Chancellor.

Section 4

Whenever the Vice Chancellor and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as the Folkreich Concilium may by law provide, transmit to the Chancellor pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Parliament their written declaration that the Chancellor is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice Chancellor shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting Chancellor.
   
Thereafter, when the Chancellor transmits to the Chancellor pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Parliament his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice Chancellor and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as the Folkreich Concilium may by law provide, transmit within four days to the Chancellor pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Parliament their written declaration that the Chancellor is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon, the Folkreich Concilium shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Folkreich Concilium, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if the Folkreich Concilium is not in session, within twenty-one days after the Folkreich Concilium is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the Chancellor is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice Chancellor shall continue to discharge the same as Acting Chancellor; otherwise, the Chancellor shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

26th Amendment

Section 1

The right of citizens of the Kingdom of Valeron, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Kingdom of Valeron or by any State on account of age.

Section 2

The Folkreich Concilium shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

27th Amendment

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.

28th Amendment - Establishment of the Monarchy of Valeron

Section 1. – Form of Government

This Amendment shall establish a new Article I of the Constitution defining the form of government of the Kingdom of Valeron. The Kingdom of Valeron shall be recognized as a Constitutional Monarchy, wherein the Monarch serves as ceremonial Head of State and protector of the Constitution. Upon ratification of this Amendment, all existing Articles shall be renumbered to follow a logical sequential order.

Section 2. – Establishment of the Monarchy

This Amendment shall establish a new Article of the Constitution defining the powers, responsibilities, and limitations of the monarchy. Upon ratification of this Amendment, all existing Articles shall be renumbered to follow a logical sequential order consistent with this insertion.

Section 3. – Succession

Succession to the Throne shall follow the rules of absolute primogeniture, unless otherwise amended by law. No person shall ascend to the Throne who has not attained the age of twenty-one years and who is not a citizen of Valeron by birth.

Section 4. – Powers of the Monarch

The powers of the Monarch shall be limited to those expressly granted by this Constitution or by Act of the Folkreich Concilium. These include:

• Receiving acts of legislation for ceremonial royal assent following approval by the Chancellor. The Monarch may either formally assent with a traditional affirmation or withhold ceremonial assent by expressing symbolic reservation.

  • In the event that the Monarch withholds ceremonial assent, the act shall be returned to the originating chamber of the Folkreich Concilium for reconsideration.

  • If the originating chamber passes the act again by a simple majority, it shall be forwarded to the second chamber, which shall also vote. If passed by both chambers, the act shall be sent once more to the Chancellor.

  • The Chancellor may then either sign the act into law or veto it. If vetoed, the act shall return to the Folkreich Concilium and may become law if passed again by a two-thirds majority of both chambers, as prescribed in standard legislative override procedure.

  • If no Chancellorial veto is issued, the act shall be signed into law without the need for further royal assent.

• Appointing ministers as recommended by the Chancellor;

• Serving as ceremonial Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces as a figurehead of the state and in a way not to interfere with, or detract from, the civic duties of the Chancellor;

• Issuing honors and titles of nobility as approved by the Crown Council.

Section 5. – Limitation of Authority

The Monarch shall not interfere with the legislative, judicial, or executive processes of government except as provided herein. The government shall remain subject to the will of the people as expressed through democratic institutions.

Section 6. – Protection of the Monarchy

No amendment shall be made that abolishes the monarchy without:

(a) A national referendum in which at least three-fourths of all eligible citizens vote in favor; and

(b) The formal dissolution of the Royal Privy Council, as certified by Act of the Folkreich Concilium.

Section 7. – Royal Privy Council

A Royal Privy Council shall be established to advise the Monarch in all matters of state. The Council shall include the Chancellor, key ministers, and other advisors as appointed by the Folkreich Concilium.

Section 8. – Regency in Absence of a Succession Law

In the event of the monarch’s incapacitation, abdication, or vacancy of the Throne, a Regency Council shall be formed to provisionally exercise the constitutional functions of the Crown. The structure, powers, and procedures of the Regency Council shall be governed by a future Royal Succession Act to be enacted by the Folkreich Concilium. Until such an Act is in force, the Regency Council shall operate under interim rules established by a joint resolution of the Folkreich Concilium.

Section 9. – Repeal of Nobility Prohibition

Article I, Section 9, Clause 8 of this Constitution is hereby repealed. The prohibition against the granting or acceptance of titles of nobility shall no longer apply within the Kingdom of Valeron. Titles and honors may be issued by the Monarch under constitutional regulation and shall not convey legal privilege except where prescribed by law.

29th Amendment - Procedure for Amending or Rewriting the Constitution

Section 1. – Proposal of Amendments

Amendments to this Constitution may be proposed by:

(a) A two-thirds majority vote in both chambers of the Folkreich Concilium; or

(b) A national convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures.

Section 2. – Ratification of Amendments

A proposed amendment shall become valid as part of this Constitution when ratified by either:

(a) A two-thirds vote of the Folkreich Concilium of Valeron; or

(b) Conventions held in three-fourths of the states, as the Folkreich Concilium may prescribe by law.

Section 3. – Constitutional Rewrite Procedure

A full rewrite of this Constitution may occur only through a Constitutional Convention. Such a convention may be convened only upon initiation by the Senate, by a two-thirds majority vote, and with the subsequent concurrence of the House of Parliament by a simple majority vote. Any resulting constitutional draft must be ratified by public referendum in at least three-fourths of the states.

Section 4. – Supersession of Article V

This Amendment shall supersede and replace Article V of the original Constitution. Upon ratification of this Amendment and the preceding Amendment (Amendment 28), all existing Articles of the Constitution shall be renumbered accordingly to preserve logical order.

Section 5. – Exclusivity of Amendment Process

No process for amending or rewriting this Constitution shall be valid unless it adheres to the procedures established in this Amendment, or unless this Amendment, in whole or in part, is itself repealed or modified by a subsequent constitutional amendment duly ratified under the provisions herein.

30th Amendment — Supreme Court Jurisdiction Over International Heinous Crimes

PREAMBLE:

Recognizing the solemn duty of the Kingdom of Valeron to uphold justice within its realm and in defense of human dignity, and acknowledging that certain crimes transcend borders and demand the highest scrutiny, this Amendment vests the Supreme Court with authority over the most egregious violations of international law.

SECTION 1.

The Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Valeron shall possess original and final jurisdiction over all crimes defined under international law as heinous in nature, including but not limited to genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

SECTION 2.

The Court shall exercise this jurisdiction where such crimes are alleged to be committed:

• By any person or entity within the Kingdom;
  
  

• By any citizen or national of the Kingdom abroad;
  
  

• Against any person under the Kingdom’s protection or jurisdiction;
  
  

• Or in any instance where the crime is of such magnitude as to warrant international concern and judicial intervention.
  
  

SECTION 3.

The Folkreich Concilium shall have the power to define, by appropriate legislation, the scope, procedures, and prosecutorial framework governing the exercise of this jurisdiction, consistent with international law and the principles of justice.

SECTION 4.

Nothing in this Amendment shall be construed to limit the authority of local or state courts to prosecute ordinary crimes such as murder or rape, except where such acts form part of a widespread or systematic campaign rising to the level of a crime against humanity or genocide.

SECTION 5.

The Folkreich Concilium may by statute create or recognize international, hybrid, or special tribunals for the prosecution of heinous crimes and may establish standards for cooperation with foreign jurisdictions and international bodies of justice.

SECTION 6.

This Amendment shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Valeron when ratified by Conventions held in three-fourths of the States

31st Amendment — Rename Congress and President & Vice President

SECTION 1 – RENAME

A. Renaming of the National Legislature

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a national legislature, henceforth known as the Folkreich Concilium, which shall consist of a House of Parliament and a Senate, and shall retain all legislative authorities previously vested in what was known as the Congress of the Kingdom of Valeron.

B. Change of Titles of the President and Vice President

1. The office of President shall henceforth be known as Chancellor.
   
   

   • The Chancellor shall serve as the chief executive of the Kingdom of Valeron, maintaining the powers and duties as previously vested in the office of the President, including the role of head of state, commander-in-chief, and principal representative in foreign matters.
     
     

2. The office of Vice President shall henceforth be known as Vice Chancellor.
   
   

   • The Vice Chancellor shall serve as the deputy to the Chancellor and shall hold such powers and duties as provided by the Constitution and law, including acting in place of the Chancellor during their absence or incapacity.
     
     

SECTION 2 – LEGAL CONTINUITY

1. All references to “Congress,” “President,” and “Vice President” in:

   • Statutory law
     
     

   • Executive orders
     
     

   • Judicial opinions
     
     

   • Treaties and international documents

 shall be construed to reflect the changes, with “Congress” being construed as The Folkreich Concilium, “President” as Chancellor, and “Vice President” as Vice Chancellor, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

2. All references to “Congress,” “President,” and “Vice President” in constitutional clauses not repealed by this amendment shall be rewritten to reflect the changes, with “Congress” being rewritten as  The Folkreich Concilium, “President” as Chancellor, and “Vice President” as Vice Chancellor, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
   
   

3. The Folkreich Concilium shall inherit all powers, functions, responsibilities, and obligations of the former Congress, including but not limited to legislative drafting, oversight, appointments, budgeting, and ratification powers.
   
   

4. The Chancellor and Vice Chancellor shall inherit all powers, functions, and responsibilities of the President and Vice President, including their roles as leaders of the executive branch, commanders-in-chief, and roles in foreign affairs.

SECTION 3 – SYMBOLIC AND CEREMONIAL TRANSITION

1. Existing seals, insignias, and architectural engravings bearing the term Congress or President may remain unaltered as historical artifacts, unless otherwise replaced through legislation.
   
   

2. Ceremonial references and state protocols may use the names Folkreich Concilium, Chancellor, and Vice Chancellor immediately upon ratification of this amendment.
   
   

SECTION 4 – TRANSITIONAL CLAUSE

1. All rules of order, bylaws, and operational procedures of the House of Parliament and Senate shall remain in effect unless amended under this new title.
   
   

2. The name “Folkreich Concilium” and the titles Chancellor and Vice Chancellor may be used publicly prior to full ratification, provided a note of constitutional transition is appended to any official document.
   
   

SECTION 5 – RATIFICATION

This Amendment shall be considered valid as part of the Constitution upon ratification by:

• Two-thirds of both the House of Parliament and the Senate, or
  
  

• Ratification by a National Constitutional Convention as permitted under Article VII, Section 2 of the Constitution.